System of electrical distribution



(No Model.)

B. G. P. OELSGHLAEGER. SYSTEM OF ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION.

Patented May 28, 1895.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ERNST GUSTAV PAUL OELSCHLAEGER, OF CHARLOTTENBURG, ASSIGNOR TO SIEMENS & HALSKE, OF BERLIN, GERMANY.

SYSTEM OF ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 540,216, dated May 28, 1895.

Application filed April 6, 1895. Serial No. 544,749- (No model) To all whom, it may concern: Figure l is a diagram illustrating my in Be it known that I, ERNST GUSTAV PAUL vention as applied to incandescent lamps; OELSCHLAEGER, a subject of the Emperor of Fig. 2, its application to are lamps; Figs. 3 55 Germany, residing at Oharlottenburg, Gerand at, as practically carried out for street- 5 many, have invented an Improved System of lighting and similar purposes.

Electrical Distribution, of which the follow- In the figures, 5 indicates any suitable gening is a specification. crater of alternating or multiphase currents;

My invention relates to an improved sys- 6, a feeder conductor, commencing at brush to tern of electrical distribution. marked A and ending at brush marked B of The objects of my invention are, first, to the generator; 8 to 8 ,inclusive, transformers distribute electricity economically to a numof the usual construction, or modified as he eber of separate points scattered over a large inafter described. The primary coil 9 of each area at a distance from the source of supply, transformerisshown asincluded in and form- 6, and, second, to maintain the continuity of the ing a part of the feeder conductor 6. By this light at each of such points. arrangement the primary coils of the respect- To carry my invention into effect, I com ive and successive transformers, it will be bine, with a generator of alternating or polyseen, are connected in series. By making use phase currents, a number of separate transof well known means for regulating the gen- 70 formers, one of which is situated at each 10- erators at the source of energy, a current of cal point of distribution. All the primary constant amperage maybe maintained in the coils of such transformers I connect in series primary of each transformer, irrespective of to form a part of the main feeding circuit, the load in the secondary circuits of the reand in the secondary of each of such transspective transformers. 75 formers I connect, in parallel, incandescent 1O designatesthe core ofthetransformer; ll,

lamps, are lamps or other translating devices secondary coil; 12, low voltage lamps as noradapted to operate at different voltage. mally used; 13, high voltage reserve lamps;

The operation of my improved system de- 14, (Fig. 2,) are lamps. pends upon the well known fact that the po- In constructing the transformers I prefer to So tential of the current in the secondary of a make use of a core in which the magnetic cir- 3o transformer,with a constant amperage in the cuit is but imperfectly closed, as by so doing primary of such transformer, depends prin- Iavoid the possibility of overheating the core, cipally upon the resistance in the secondary and further take advantage of the fact that circuit. As a practical application of this where such cores are used the secondary volt- 8 fact, if two incandescent lamps of different age of the transformer is less dependent upon 5 voltage, adapted for a normal candle power the load, than is the case in transformers proat different voltage, are connected in parallel vided with cores having closed magnetic cirin the secondary of a transformer, normally cuits. The transformers should be so calcuthe lamp of low voltage will be operated at lated that they will give, with a constant am- 0 fullbrilliancy; while onlyaverysmallamount perage in the primary circuit, the exact our- 0 of current will be transmitted through the rent required for the lamps or other translatlamp of high voltage. If new the lamp of ing devices of diderent voltage, when in use. low voltage should be burned out or be de- For example, the transformers may be calstroyed, the total resistance of the secondary culated for a ratio of twenty to fifty. Then 5 circuit will be increased, and the potential of so long as the low voltage lamp 12 and the 5 the current in the secondary circuit will be high voltage lamp 13 are connected in parapproximately correspondingly increased to allel, a current of fifty volts will exist in the cause the lamp of high voltage to burn at secondary circuit. 1.5 amperes of this secfull brilliancy; thus maintaining the light at ondary current will pass through the fifty 100 normal candle power at a local point of disvolt lamp, and 0.5 ampres through the one tribution. hundred volt lamp. Just as soon as the fifty My invention is illustrated in the accomvolt lamp 12 burns out, the secondary voltage panying figures, in which rises to one hundred volts, and a secondary current of .8 of an ampere passes through the reserve lamp. In practice it is preferable to select the high voltage reserve la'mp, that the difference between the voltage of the lamps or other translating devices employed be not too great, as otherwise the, core of the transformer may become heated beyond practical limits, and also to select the high voltage lamp 13, so that it should burn below normal candle power, when alone in the secondary circuit, as by so doing the possibility of this lamp burning out and leaving the local point of distribution without light is decreased. Should this, however, occur, the operation of the system as a whole is not appreciably disturbed, as the secondary voltage of the transformer would rise but little] In practice it is permissible to leave the primary coil of the transformer in circuit without endangering the operation of the system. Experiments show that the increase of the potential in the secondary circuit is but from fifteen to twenty per cent.

In the diagram Fig. 1, the transformers 8, 8 8 8 show the low voltage lamp 12 in operation; in 8' and 8. the reserve lamp in operation; and in 8 both lamps are cutout.

In Fig. 2 my invention is shown as employed with are lamps. In this case a fifty volt arc lamp 14 takes the place of the lamp 12, and two fifty volt arc lamps 15,, connected in series, take the place of the single high voltage lamp 13. In the normal operation of the system, the fifty volts potential in the secondary circuit would be divided between the two fifty volt arc lamps, preferably of the sh unt type, connected in series-i. a, twenty five volts to each lamp-which would not be sufficient to establish the are if the lamps are properly adjusted. When the single arc lamp is cut out the potential would rise, as in the case where incandescentlamps are used. The same principle of operation would prevail if other translating devices were used. It will also be understood that instead of using a single fifty volt arc or incandescent lamp as the normal light, a number of lower voltage lamps might be connected in series, and the same is true as regards the reserve lamp or lamps,

In Figs .3 and 4 I have shown the practical execution of thisinvention, as applied to street lighting or for other purposes. The transformer 8 is in this case inclosed in a casing carried upon the coil insulators 18, which are connected to the posts or supports, 19,. The normal and reserve lamps 1,2 13, are carried in a suitable bracket 20. 21, 22 representin sulators to which the feeder conductor (outgoing and return) are connected.

Having thus described my invention, I claim- 1. A system of electrical distribution, comprising a source of alternating currents; a transformer, the primary coil of which forms a part of the feeder circuit, and through which a current of constant mean amperage is transmitted; and two translating devices, adapted to operate at different potentials, connected in parallel across the secondary circuit of such transformer, substantially as and for the purpose described.

2. Asystem of electrical distribution, comprising a source of alternating currents; two or more transformers having their primary coils connected in series and forming a part of the feeder circuit, through which a current of constant mean amperage is transmitted; and two translating devices or groups of translating devices, adapted to operate at different potential, connected in parallel across the secondary circuits of the respective transformers, substantially as and for the purpose described.

33. A system of electrical distribution, comprising a source of alternating currents; a transformer provided with an open magnetic circuit core, and in which the primary coil forms a part of the feeder circuit, and through which a current of constant mean amperage is transmitted; and two translating devices,

adapted to operate atv different potential, connected in parallel across the secondary circuit of such transformer, substantially as and for the purpose described.

4. The herein described method of distributing electricity, which consists in generating an alternating current of electricity; transmitting a current of constant mean amperage through the primary coil of the transformer, which forms a part of the feeder circuit; converting such current to one of difierent potential, and transmitting such converted current normally through two translating devices of different voltage connected in parallel in the secondary circuit ,'and abnormally throu gh the one of such translating devices having the highest voltage.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in the, presence of two witnesses.

ERNST GUSTAV PAUL OELSOHLAEGER.

it esses:

OSCAR BIELEFELD, J OHN B. JACKSON. 

